by What is it?
A tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) is an automotive safety device that monitors the air pressure inside the tires on the vehicle. Modern TPMS sensors can detect when air pressure in one or more tires is significantly underinflated. The system alerts the driver if the pressure in any tire falls below a preset threshold.
How Does a TPMS Work?
Each wheel has a small electronic sensor attached to the tire’s valve stem. The sensors measure the air pressure and temperature inside the tires. This data is transmitted to a central monitoring unit, usually located in the vehicle’s instrument cluster or head unit.
If the pressure in any tire drops by 25% or more from the recommended PSI level, the TPMS will alert the driver. Most Automotive Tire Pressure Monitoring System use a warning light on the dash but some can also display which specific tire is underinflated. The driver should address the issue as soon as possible for safety and fuel efficiency reasons.
Importance of Proper Tire Inflation
Keeping tires properly inflated is one of the most important factors for safety, handling and fuel economy. Underinflated tires can cause blowouts, lose traction and handling issues that could lead to an accident. They also wear out faster, reducing tread life. Low pressure increases the contact patch which generates more heat and internal friction.
The recommended air pressure for each tire is listed on a decal located inside the driver’s side door jamb or in the owner’s manual. It’s important to check pressures monthly when the tires are cold for an accurate reading. Using a reliable tire pressure gauge is essential for optimal performance.
Benefits of TPMS for Drivers
Here are some key advantages TPMS provides drivers and vehicle owners:
– Improved Safety – Catching low pressure early helps prevent blowouts at high speeds. Properly inflated tires stop, steer and corner more safely.
– Reduced Risk of Accidents – Underinflation degrades vehicle handling which can lead to loss of control accidents. TPMS alerts the driver to address issues.
– Better Fuel Economy – Inflating to the proper PSI improves gas mileage since the engine doesn’t have to work as hard to move the vehicle. Even a few PSI under can lower MPG.
– Extended Tread Life – Rolling resistance from low pressure causes excess wear to tires. Shortened tread life means replacing them sooner which is an added cost.
– Avoidance of Penalties – Some states and municipalities fine vehicle owners for driving with obviously underinflated tires. TPMS prevents this from happening.
Different Automotive Tire Pressure Monitoring System Technologies
The first TPMS systems used indirect pressure monitoring. They calculated pressure based on factors like wheel speed and vehicle acceleration. Newer direct TPMS are more precise. They feature:
– Valve Stem Sensors – Battery-powered sensors screw onto each valve stem and directly measure pressure/temperature inside the tire.
– Wireless Communication – Sensors transmit data via low-frequency radio signals to a receiver unit in the vehicle. This eliminates wiring through the wheels.
– Continuous Monitoring – Sensors take readings every few seconds while the vehicle is moving. They alert the driver even when low pressure develops slowly over time.
TPMS Regulations in North America
Since 2007, the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has required all new passenger cars, trucks and SUVs to include direct TPMS. In Canada, similar regulations were phased in between 2007-2008 based on vehicle weight categories. Today, systems meeting Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 138 are standard on virtually all new vehicles sold.
However, older cars without OEM TPMS still benefit from aftermarket add-on systems. These plug-and-play kits let drivers of any vehicle monitor pressure without a dealer installation. Prices have come down significantly as the technology has advanced.
The automotive tire pressure monitoring system is an essential automotive safety feature in modern vehicles. By catching underinflation early, it helps drivers avoid hazardous situations from blowouts or tire failures. Maintaining proper air pressure also optimizes fuel economy, improves handling ability, extends tread wear and avoids potential fines. Overall, TPMS technology has made it much easier for motorists to practice regular tire maintenance safely and efficiently.
*Note:
1. Source: Coherent Market Insights, Public sources, Desk research
2. We have leveraged AI tools to mine information and compile it
