by Chemiluminescence immunoassay is a laboratory technique used for detection and quantification of various biomolecules like hormones, antibodies, infectious agents and therapeutic drug levels in biological samples. It utilizes the principle of chemiluminescence reaction to detect the presence of an analyte or binding between an antigen and its specific antibody. This technique provides high sensitivity and specificity for detection of biomarkers at very low concentrations in serum, plasma or urine.
Working Mechanism of Chemiluminescence Immuno
In Chemiluminescence Immunoassay the analyte present in a biological sample binds to antibody conjugated with an enzyme. This antigen-antibody complex is immobilized on the wells of a microtiter plate. Then a substrate of the conjugated enzyme is added which react with the enzyme to produce light in amounts directly proportional to the amount of analyte present. The emitted light is measured by a luminometer and recorded as relative light units. The concentration of analyte is then determined by comparing the light output with a standard curve generated from known concentrations of analyte.
Applications in Detection of Various Clinical Biomarkers
Some common applications of chemiluminescence immuno in clinical diagnostics include:
– Hormone assays: It is widely used for detection of various hormones like thyroid stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, estradiol and testosterone in evaluating endocrine function.
– Tumor marker assays: Chemiluminescence immune help detect tumor markers like carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein, prostate specific antigen for cancer screening and management.
– Infectious disease testing: This technique allows precise quantification of markers for diseases such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency virus, syphilis to aid in diagnosis and disease progression monitoring.
– Therapeutic drug monitoring: Levels of drugs like digoxin, lithium, phenytoin and cyclosporin can be effectively measured by chemiluminescence immune for personalized patient management.
Advantages Over Other Immunoassay Techniques
The key advantages of chemiluminescence immunoassay over other techniques like fluorescence immunoassay, enzyme immunoassay and radioimmunoassay include:
– Higher sensitivity: It can detect analytes at concentrations in picogram and femtogram levels due to low background signal and direct light measurement.
– Wider dynamic range: A wide range of analyte concentrations from picogram to nanogram per liter can be accurately quantified.
– Minimal interference: Absence of light scattering enables true molecular detection without interference from biological matrix.
– Safer testing: Chemiluminescence assays do not use radioactive tracers ensuring safety of patients and lab personnel.
– Automated testing: Fully automated analyzer platforms allow high throughput, objective readings and minimization of manual errors.
Chemiluminescence immuno is a sensitive, specific and convenient testing technique for detection of various disease biomarkers. With minimal sample volume requirements and wide analytic measuring range, it plays a vital role in precisely monitoring health conditions, facilitating clinical decisions and improving patient care. Further technological innovations will expand its applications in various areas of molecular diagnostics.
*Note:
1. Source: Coherent Market Insights, Public sources, Desk research
2. We have leveraged AI tools to mine information and compile it.
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Money Singh is a seasoned content writer with over four years of experience in the market research sector. Her expertise spans various industries, including food and beverages, biotechnology, chemical and materials, defense and aerospace, consumer goods, etc. (https://www.linkedin.com/in/money-singh-590844163)_
